A 55-year-old woman with a history of hepatic sarcoidosis presents with a new onset of dilated abdominal veins and worsening hepatomegaly. The veins below the umbilicus flow towards the head.
Which of the following diagnoses is this most compatible with?
- Caput medusae from cirrhosis and portal hypertension
- Superior vena cava obstruction
- Pelvic congestion syndrome
- Inferior vena cava obstruction
