A 56-year-old woman presents to her primary doctor as an urgent care visit. She has had palpitations and chest pressure for several hours since waking. Her radial pulse is rapid and her JVP is elevated. Her lungs are clear. An ECG is obtained.
A 68-year-old man with end stage renal disease is seen at his hemodialysis center. He missed his last scheduled hemodialysis session.
A 64-year-old woman presents to her internist because of diffuse bone pain, fatigue, and a 20-pound weight loss. Routine blood tests showed a hematocrit of 25, a serum creatinine of 2 mg/dL.
A 74-year-old man on digoxin for rate control of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is admitted with pre-syncope.
A 64-year-old woman with longstanding diabetes is evaluated for complaints of atypical chest discomfort (left-sided ache). She has been taking a β-blocker for hypertension. She undergoes an exercise stress test, which provokes her symptoms.
A 56-year-old diabetic man with no known heart disease presents with near-syncope. His blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg, and he is diaphoretic.
A 57-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with symptoms of chest pressure at rest, lasting for about 1 hour. She has a history of left main coronary artery stenosis as well as three-vessel disease for which she underwent bypass surgery 4 years ago.
A 41-year-old woman with advanced familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is admitted to the hospital with syncope. The woman is hemodynamically stable but has a heart rate of 40 bpm.
A 72-year-old man with past myocardial infarction, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30%, and prior episodes of heart failure presents with intermittent palpitations. The following ECG is obtained while the patient is having symptoms.
A 36-year-old woman with primary pulmonary hypertension is seen in her physician’s office after initiation of pulmonary vasodilator therapy. She is found to be tachycardic with an irregularly irregular heart rate.