Acute kidney failure is a rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) sufficient to cause uremia. Oliguria (below 15 mL per hour) is often a feature, although nonoliguric renal failure can also occur, particularly in...
Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to maintain sufficient cardiac output to meet the demands of the body, despite the presence of normal filling pressures.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a condition in which there is chronic obstruction to airflow due to chronic bronchitis with or without emphysema
Peptic ulcer disease most commonly occurs in the duodenum, followed by the stomach, esophagus, and jejunum in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, or after a gastroenterostomy, or in a Meckel's diverticulum with ectopic gastric mucosa.
![Read more about the article All About Leukemia: From Diagnosis to Treatment [A Comprehensive Overview]](https://manualofmedicine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Classification-of-Leukemias-According-to-Cell-Type-and-Lineage.png)
The leukemias are a group of conditions characterized by the malignant proliferation of leukocytes in the bone marrow. The cells spill out into the blood stream and may infiltrate other organs...
Asthma is a disease of the airways characterized by an increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to many different stimuli. It is manifested by paroxysms of shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing
The causes of pancreatitis can be recalled from the mnemonic GET SMASH'D: gallstones, ethanol, trauma, steroids, mumps, autoimmune diseases, scorpion stings, hypertriglyceridemia, and drugs (e.g., azathioprine or diuretics).
By quality of pain the chest pain can be categorized into: pleuritic, dull central chest pain, chest wall tenderness...
![Read more about the article Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH): How to Recognize it on ECG [With Examples]](https://manualofmedicine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Major-ECG-findings-induced-by-left-ventricular-hypertrophy-LVH.png)
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) causes tall R waves in left sided and deep S waves in right sided leads. Always look for ‘strain’ pattern in left sided leads...
![Read more about the article Atrial Flutter: ECG Interpretation [With Examples]](https://manualofmedicine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Atrial-Flutter-with-4-1-AV-Block.png)
Characteristic features of Atrial Flutter are: Atrial rate around 300/min; ‘Sawtooth’ baseline; AV block (commonly 2:1, but can be 3:1, 4:1 or variable). You should always suspect atrial flutter with 2:1 block when a patient has a regular tachycardia with a ventricular rate of about 150/min.