Spot Diagnosis

Five weeks after uneventful coronary-artery bypass grafting, an 81-year-old woman presented to the hospital with extensive livedo reticularis and cyanosis of the toes.

A 46-year-old man presented to the emergency department with the sudden onset of dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and hypoxemia.

A 50-year-old woman with dermatomyositis presented with progressive, diffuse subcutaneous nodules on the arms and legs.

A 60-year-old man with advanced diabetic nephropathy and secondary hyperparathyroidism underwent radiographic imaging of the abdomen and pelvis as part of an evaluation for nephrolithiasis.

A 64-year-old man presented with a two-year history of this asymptomatic skin condition, which was symmetrically distributed over his trunk, arms and legs. Laboratory tests demonstrated a raised fasting blood glucose level.

A 1-year-old boy presented with a 3-day history of intermittent fever, barking cough, and hoarseness. The physical examination revealed neck lymphadenopathy and audible stridor, but the patient was not in respiratory distress and was not drooling.

A previously healthy 18-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a 3-month history of coughing, expectoration of reddish sputum, weight loss, and fever; a small region of swelling had developed on his anterior chest wall in the preceding week.

A 77-year-old woman with achalasia was evaluated in a gastroenterology clinic for intermittent dysphagia to solids, regurgitation of liquids and solids, and recurrent esophageal yeast infections over the previous 11 years, as well as a 7.7-kg (17-lb) weight loss over the previous 3 years.

An otherwise healthy 45-year-old man presented with a 4-week history of nonpainful discoloration of the maxillary gingiva. He had no history of pigmented skin lesions. What is the Diagnosis ?

A 69-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of progressively worsening abdominal distention and pain. She was taking dexamethasone for cerebral edema associated with glioblastoma multiforme. What's the Diagnosis?