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Anxiety in the Emergency Department

Read more about the article Anxiety in the Emergency Department
Medical Conditions with Anxiety as a Common Symptom
  • Post category:Emergency and Acute Medicine
  • Post published:April 9, 2021

The Anxious State limbic system, in particular the amygdala, facilitates autonomic arousal under conditions of uncertainty or distress. The increase in sympathetic tone contributes to a state of readiness with…

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Glucocorticoid Therapy – Principal and Adverse Effects

Read more about the article Glucocorticoid Therapy – Principal and Adverse Effects
Glucocorticoids - principal and adverse effects
  • Post category:Pharmacology
  • Post published:April 9, 2021

I. Replacement therapy The adrenal cortex (AC) produces the glucocorticoid cortisol (hydrocortisone) and the mineralocorticoid aldosterone. Both steroid hormones are vitally important in adaptation responses to stress situations, such as…

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Black Pleural Effusion

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  • Post category:Spot Diagnosis
  • Post published:April 8, 2021

Pleural aspiration from a 56-year-old man, who presented with a massive right pleural effusion, yielded purely black coloured fluid. This fluid was determined to be an exudate with very high…

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Blue–black eyes and legs

Read more about the article Blue–black eyes and legs
  • Post category:Spot Diagnosis
  • Post published:April 8, 2021

A 70-year-old woman presented with asymptomatic blue-black discoloration of her legs and sclerae. She had a history of oxacillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcal endocarditis complicated by aortic root abscess, needing surgery and…

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Nail Sign observed in a 19 year old man

Read more about the article Nail Sign observed in a 19 year old man
  • Post category:Spot Diagnosis
  • Post published:April 8, 2021

A 19-year-old man presented with pedal oedema and facial puffiness of 3 months' duration. He denied history of orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, oliguria, haematuria, fever, sore throat, joint pains, rashes, exposure to heavy metals, or any drug abuse.

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Hyperphosphatemia and Hypophosphatemia

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Hypophosphatemia - Causes
  • Post category:Acid Base and Electrolytes
  • Post published:April 7, 2021

Hyperphosphatemia Hyperphosphatemia is defined as a serum level above 2.5 mg/dL, but it is usually clinically significant only when levels are greater than 5 mg/dL. Although it is rare in…

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Shock Algorithm

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Shock Algorithm
  • Post category:Emergency and Acute Medicine
  • Post published:April 6, 2021

The goal for the patient in shock is rapidly identifying that the patient is in shock, finding the cause of shock and treating the cause while simultaneously resuscitating the patient.…

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Diagnosing and Treating Meningitis

Read more about the article Diagnosing and Treating Meningitis
  • Post category:Neurology
  • Post published:April 1, 2021

Meningitis can be caused by infectious or noninfectious etiologies. Noninfectious etiologies of meningitis include: malignancyautoimmune conditionsmedicationstraumaiatrogenic procedures. Infectious meningitis can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral, fungal, and…

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Reversal of Anticoagulant Therapy

Read more about the article Reversal of Anticoagulant Therapy
  • Post category:Hematology and Oncology
  • Post published:March 31, 2021

In the setting of life-threatening hemorrhage, the standard ABCs may be reconsidered as A2BC, with the additional “A” representing concomitant anticoagulant reversal. The anticoagulated patient with life-threatening hemorrhage does not…

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Recognizing and Treating Thyroid Storm

Read more about the article Recognizing and Treating Thyroid Storm
  • Post category:Endocrinology
  • Post published:March 29, 2021

Thyroid storm is an extreme version of hyperthyroidism with a mortality rate that approaches 30%, even with treatment. The recognition and management of thyroid storm can be difficult in the…

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