This exam takes a three-step bedside protocol to assess a critically ill patient’s cardiovascular status (“the pump”), intravascular volume status (“the tank”), and vascular integrity (“the pipes”)...
In 2005, the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care introduced therapeutic hypothermia to the post–return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) algorithm in comatose patients. This…
Achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after a cardiac arrest is one of the most satisfying and encouraging experiences in emergency medicine. It can be easy to forget that work…
Cardiac arrest (CA) can be defined as the acute loss of heart function, either instantaneously or following a range of symptoms, ultimately leading to an arrest of circulation.