Most bacteria do not have a requirement for folate, because they are capable of synthesizing folate, more precisely dihydrofolate DHF, from precursors. Selective interference with bacterial synthesis of Tetrahydrofolate (THF) can be achieved with sulfonamides and trimethoprim.
Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis are suitable antibacterial agents, because animal and human cells lack a cell wall. They exert a bactericidal action on growing or multiplying germs.
Thyroid overactivity in Graves’ disease results from formation of IgG antibodies that bind to and activate TSH receptors. Consequently, there is overproduction of hormone with cessation of TSH secretion. Graves’…
When glucocorticoid medication is suddenly withheld, the atrophic cortex is unable to produce sufficient cortisol and a potentially life-threatening cortisol deficiency may develop. Therefore, glucocorticoid therapy should always be tapered off by gradual reduction of the dosage.
I. Replacement therapy The adrenal cortex (AC) produces the glucocorticoid cortisol (hydrocortisone) and the mineralocorticoid aldosterone. Both steroid hormones are vitally important in adaptation responses to stress situations, such as…
Antibiotics are prescribed to ~15% of emergency department (ED) patients and are among the most frequently utilized medications in emergency medicine. Often, the emergency provider (EP) must make clinical decisions…