In 1930, Wolff, Parkinson, and White described the combination of bundlebranch block, shortened PR interval, and recurrent episodes of tachycardia that occurred in young, healthy patients with structurally normal hearts.…
Many bacteria (e.g., Vibrio cholerae) secrete toxins that inhibit the ability of mucosal enterocytes to absorb NaCl and water and, at the same time, stimulate mucosal secretory activity. Bacteria or…
Arresting Patient ED Thoracotomy indications: Trauma patient, CPR, no signs of life (SOL) +: Blunt trauma with CPR <10min Penetrating trauma with CPR <15min Penetrating trauma to neck/extremity < 5…
Second-degree AVB is divided into two types, Mobitz type I and type II. It is important for the emergency provider to be able to distinguish between these two types of second-degree AVB, as treatment, disposition, and prognosis can be vastly different.
In the area of a gastric or duodenal peptic ulcer, the mucosa has been attacked by digestive juices to such an extent as to expose the subjacent connective tissue layer (submucosa).
Clinical Crearance - Low Risk Patient (NEXUS) Definitions Midline posterior bony cervical-spine tenderness is present if the patient reports: Pain on palpation of the posterior midline neck from the nuchal…
The most common misdiagnoses of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia are atrial fibrillation (Afib) and sinus tachycardia. Since the treatment of each of these dysrhythmias is different, it is imperative for the emergency provider to correctly diagnose MAT.
Activation of platelets, e.g., upon contact with collagen of the extracellular matrix after injury to the vascular wall, constitutes the immediate and decisive step in initiating the process of primary hemostasis, i.e., cessation of bleeding. However, in the absence of vascular injury, platelets can be activated as a result of damage to the endothelial cell lining of blood vessels. Among the multiple functions of the endothelium, the production of NO and prostacyclin plays an important role.
A head CT is indicated in head trauma patients with loss of consciousness or posttraumatic amnesia only if one or more of the following is present (Level A Recommendation)
Acute aortic dissection (AD) is defined as a tear through the intima, which results in the flow of arterial blood between the layers of the aorta. This intimal tear is…